Thursday, September 27, 2012

Freedom of Choice against the Right to Life

Is abortion morally wrong? Time and once more we have asked this question and have received numerous responses from in between numerous persons with varied persuasions, i.e. scientific community, the religious community, law and society in general. In fact the difficulties on abortion are always being threshed out not just within the political and social arena, but within the legal fields as well.
It has turn into divisive and contentious thereby splitting people’s opinions in exactly two opposing sides, that of Pro-Life, the anti-abortion side, and of course, the Pro-Choice, the side for abortion. This has type of sharpened the emotional debates amongst the a couple of that there's a serious hostility of ideas formed between them, such that a middle ground or a compromise with their opinions is not really likely.
The most controversial case in the Supreme Court on the last century, which surely led to similar other cases to be filed, may be the situation of Roe vs. Wade. The decision enabled a practical and much more lenient interpretation from the appropriate to life and at the same time, implemented modernistic and progressive approach on the freedom of choice. Whilst the Supreme Court had to countenance many arguments from each sides, it chose to “base it decision on a Due Program clause with the fourteenth amendment and also the so-called appropriate to privacy” (Linder).
Indeed, this can be the highlight on the situation wherein for the very first time in American Jurisprudence, the statutes and laws that are stringent with regards to the protection of the unborn children are questioned and refashioned inside a way that would favor the correct in the mother to grant her the full liberty to pick what's finest for her. In other words, it's a question of whether the mother has the right to pick proactively for getting the infant in accordance to her capacity to raise the infant or probably based on her willingness or unwillingness to give birth.
There are other great reasons why the mother may perhaps consider with a infant aborted. The most strong and, indeed, effortless yet practical arguments for abortion is often a case wherein the life of mother is put in danger if she continues from the pregnancy. This really is also echoed in an additional landmark case vis-à-vis Griswold vs. Connecticut (Linder). The question whether couples who have previously suffered failed child-birth may perhaps avail of medical services and advice that would help them prevent another traumatic experience in undergoing another pregnancy, or perhaps, that one more pregnancy would put the mother in danger, becomes a clear controversy around the freedom of choice. Likewise, the Supreme Court known that there's a issue over a objective with the nation to regulate the procedure of birth manage and implementation of its statutes.
If the nation so demands to entirely prohibit couples and medical personnel to engage within the process of proactive loved ones planning, how would it be in a position to ensure that the operation of its concomitant statues in this kind of a way that they don't violate the Due Process clause and the well-protected correct to privacy? There could possibly be the absurd illustration wherein the legislators and also the police enforcement would have to always trespass the personal abode with the individual, either individual or in his professional capacity, in order that evidence of contraceptives can also be collected. For example, so that you can indict a certain person, the police need to research the premises for paraphernalia hidden during the closet or in the drawers. Moreover, there have to also be complete proof of its use as well.
In the same vein, the Supreme Court quashed down the statutes against the use of contraception for the easy reason that there is no way that the country will be in a position to enforce the laws simply because at its very enforcement alone, it might already contravene very own constitutionally guaranteed rights as observed and decided inside the case of Graham vs. the Region of Illinois (Linder).
More importantly, the goals with the statute, for example the control and prevention of unwanted childbirth and sexually transmitted diseases, are a clear contradiction to its rationale of disallowing contraceptives to this end. As if we had been most likely to feel that by outlawing the use of contraceptives, the nation would be able to minimize teen pregnancy, adultery, licentiousness and sexual medical ailments! By outlawing the use of contraceptives, all of the statute is generating is exacerbate the frequency and degree of those acts and situations it wishes to prevent inside very first place.
On the grounds of freedom of choice, the appropriate to privacy as well as the Due Program clause, the dilemma on abortion loses a lot of its moral antecedents and arguments. Rather than the usual biblical citations as well as the injection of socially dogmatic arguments, we are in a position to see how the individual, specifically the mother, has the inalienable appropriate to choose for herself what she needs to do with her own life. She has the appropriate to see whether for getting a child or not regardless of whatever causes or justifications she gives to it.
Most of us will argue over a really face from the matter that killing in whatever name, shape or form is immoral and indecent on the sensitivities and quite against the natural human moral instincts. To the laymen, tautological-wise, the practice of abortion is commensurate to a willful killing of a human being. Some would even venture far in calling it infanticide or much more provocatively, murder. However, these arguments are tenuous at greatest and misguided at worst. Nearly no advocate of pro-choice thinks that abortion is the only alternative out there to them, and neither do pro-choice advocates think in wanton abortion or subscribe to licentious acts. It is as well extreme to think that they only do so furtively to murder a life. Regardless in the possibility how the woman is only led to desperation or other approaches which would glimpse to constrain her alternatives and hamper her decision-making, it is nonetheless up to the same to select that is certainly finest for her. And her freedom to act, the equal privilege to due technique and also the correct to privacy are much more critical to her well-being than something else, and to everyone, at the end from the day.
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Tuesday, September 18, 2012

Justifications for the Institution of Slavery during the Antebellum Era

In Chapter 11, it was mentioned that “Slavery is primarily a labor method intended to build wealth for landowners…It increasingly became a capitalistic small business intended to maximize profits. As such, it was tied to a growing international net of economic relations.”

By 1820, the South became the world’s largest producer of cotton. Cotton required continuous development, land, labor demand including a global program of trade. As such, it depended increasingly on the slave-based economy. However, the Upper South was experiencing a extended depression and it affected prices. To survive, either the planters move or stay and diversify. Diversification meant shifting to grains and to selling slaves. Soon, the internal slave trade became a multi-million dollar industry.

Until the 1830’s, slavery was said being a “necessary evil.” However, the call for abolition of slavery was getting stronger and they had to transform their justification for maintaining slaves to produce it much more acceptable. The Southerners began to label slavery as “a sure good.” They based their justifications on 5 sources – the bible, history, the Constitution, science and sociology.

The biblical justification makes reference towards curse imposed upon Ham, Noah’s son as well as the various verses from both the Old and New Testament reprimanding servants to usually obey their masters. For its historical justification, they pointed out that all ancient civilizations have been according to it and most likely even the current civilization depended “on the servitude of the blacks in America.” The Constitution was their reference to its legal justification which refused to abolish slavery and various laws passed protecting it just like the overseas slave trade and mandate for returning slaves to rightful owners. They also turned to science and twisted the facts an conclusions to justify that blacks were an inferior race in accordance with the cranial shape and size and must, therefore, submit to their destiny “to work for the superior Caucasians.” Lastly, the sociological justification was created more clear by the paternalistic statement as advocated by George Fitzhugh that the “’Negro is but a grown infant and need to be governed as a child’ and so needed the paternal guidance, restraint and protection of the white master.”

Be that since it may, to cost-free the blacks would mean “giving up our beautiful region on the ravages on the black race and amalgamation of the savages.”

On the humanitarian side, they mentioned that it would be heartless to release them particularly following seeing that the blacks can only be industrial laborers working like slaves for meager pay from which they will need to use to obtain shelter, meals and clothing. They will likely be a burden to the white people who must compete for ones exact same work plus a burden to themselves for getting to fend for themselves without the need of the nurturing protection of a master.

These justifications have been had being well-thought of so that it would not run contrary to the prevailing ideological directions in the American society at that time which espoused “individual liberty, mobility, economic opportunity and democratic political participation.” Moreover, they can't afford to antagonize the almost certainly envious non-slave obtaining whites that they had to emphasize “white superiority regardless of class.”

The truth from the matter is that behind all these justifications, the genuine motive is money. By 1860, the crop per importance of the slave is $125. Enslaved women improve their importance whenever they give birth to healthy children. A prime field worker which sold for $600 in 1844 can go as high as $1800 following a cotton boom. All items told, what mattered most is that slavery is profitable.
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Wednesday, September 12, 2012

Social Anthropology essay


In Marshall Sahlin 's Islands of History, he critiques the predominant views in Western Anthropology through his essays on the islands of Hawaii, Fiji and New Zealand. Relating to the islanders of Hawaii in particular, he discusses the fate from the famous Captain James Cook within the hands from the Makahiki. He dedicated the chapter The Dying God to analyze the accounts of Captain Cook 's death and also the consequences and implications that his death brought. In his analyses from the interactions in between culture, society and history, he introduced many notions of idea. Some of them are the structure from the conjuncture ' and mythopraxis.

Marshal Sahlins 's idea on a structure with the conjuncture stems from his observations on how specific traditional cultural categories were transformed after the introduction or rather synthesis of other historical events and circumstances. In his book Islands of History Sahlins states that his view from the structure in the conjuncture differs from that of Braudels which explains his conjuncture inside a a lot more intermediate manner. Sahlins however refers for the long duration with the consequences that these kinds of structural conjuncture could bring . In his own words , it is a set of historical relationships that at as soon as reproduce the traditional cultural categories and give them new values out in the pragmatic context (Sahlins, 1985).


Mythopraxis even so is defined as the tendency of human beings to appropriate experiences according to an already existing pattern. These patterns supposedly reside inside collective consciousness of a specific group. Mythopraxis or literally the practice of myths regards the mythic origin of things in representing present happenings Thus, mythopraxis claims that events are hardly specific and that historical, in this case myths, themes are recurring and regenerative.

These concepts had been particularly apparent inside case of Captain Cook 's voyage to the Makahiki and his eventual death in their hands. The Makahiki believed from the God Lono who is a fertility god and a god of peace too. He can also be thought to take on human type as soon as every generation and quite a few believed how the Makahiki took Cook being Lono 's modern-day human form. This was broadly believed in, though contemporarily contested , based on Sahlins 's claim that Cook 's ship arrived coincidentally in the time of Lono 's worship, thus a time of peace As a result of the thought of mythopraxis that the Makahiki supposedly procedure, they appropriated what their legends foretold in regards to the treatment, reception and fate from the god.

But sticking for the dictates of tradition too, the crew faced odds after following the season of Lono was more than , they were forced to return to Kealakekua Bay for repairs as the Resolution (Cook 's vessel) earlier took damage from an incoming storm. Dilemma spelled in that for ones Makahiki , following the era of peace was over (Lono 's, the season of war will follow. And coincidentally, Cook 's first departure matched the season 's end of Lono worshipping . This caused good stress among... 

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Monday, September 10, 2012

Perspective of social sciences essay


Nigeria is located in western part of Africa and has the biggest population on a continent which makes approximately 140 000 000 folks . Statistics shows , on the other hand , that you can find over 3 million of adults living with HIV /AIDS . Getting involved in trade relationships with several globe countries the difficulty of HIV /AIDS has grow to be even additional essential each on national and global scale . The first HIV /AIDS situation was noted in mid 1980s . The epidemic wave has elevated from about 2 in 1988 to approximately 6 in 2001 (AVERT . Nevertheless , a noticeable decrease was indicated in 2003 once the amount of infected persons fell from Five .8 down to 5 . High-risk group comprises teenagers and young adults of close to 15-26 many years old who make 60 of HIV /AIDS positive . Striking outcomes have been received indicating that 200 ,000 HIV certain persons died in 2005

The issue of AIDS is in particular spread in between young women since it is customary for persons in Nigeria to contract a marriage between girls of 12-13 and 25-35 year old men . As polygamy is accepted in Nigeria , man is allowed to acquire sexual relationships with other women as well which greatly contributes towards problem of AIDS . You will find a couple of a lot more causes associated with women that increase the number of individuals living with HIV . On a single hand , female genital mutilation is conventional to the majority of African women , especially inside the southern component of Africa Because of the usage of unclean instruments , women often turn out to be infected from the virus and later transfer the disease to their little ones . Nonetheless , prostitution isn't prohibited in Nigeria and as a result of low level of awareness about HIV /AIDS difficulty because of cultural and social factors , African men rarely resort for the support of condoms (AVERT)


Not much attention was paid for the problem of HIV /AIDS in Nigeria at the end with the last century . On the other hand , from the awareness of its size and also the impact the epidemic has created on African population , in 1999 the modern-day president of Nigeria Olusegun Obasanjo and his environment have launched a new programs to remove the problem

Since then , the Olesegun administration has placed high priority on prevention , treatment , care and support activities . It has established a couple of key institutions - the Presidential Committee on AIDS and the National AIDS Action Committee on AIDS (NACA ) to coordinate the various HIV /AIDS prevention , treatment and care activities in Nigeria (AVERT

Mass media representatives have recently published materials with photographs where the president of Nigeria stands together with a couple of young folks asking : I care , do you . Stop pretending that HIV /AIDS doesn't exist (UN Office for ones Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs . This has come to be a excellent step forward to enhance the case and bring the attention from the public to HIV /AIDS . Also the UN authorities and also the president from the USA George W . Bush have taken necessary measures to minimize the advance in the disease by financing Nigeria and...

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Thursday, September 6, 2012

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