The Apple Orchard is an Oil on Canvas Painting By George Inness

But the era of Tonalist paintings was equally essential for American artists since it marked the last era wherever artists of this region would be heavily beholden to outsiders for their artistic legitimacy: They would cease after this generation being in any sense mere copyists of European style.

The Tonalist aesthetic, which lasted barely more than a generation, was poised in time between the artistic sensibilities from the late nineteenth and the early twentieth century. In terms of its subject matter it looked backward to the 19th century, to Romanticism, to that globe of life just before the Industrial Revolution that was already being a quite distant dream. The quiet sentiment of Inness's apple orchard is an archetypical Tonalist landscape: What could possibly be additional emblematic from the rural life that was disappearing than these trees exactly where little ones had climbed for generations, too impatient to your first sweet taste of fruit to wait for apples to fall.

That conversion marked all of the paintings of his late period, from 1875-94, for instance this one. The sense of harmony that humans could gain in the globe that is certainly a core element of Swedenborgianism marks these paintings (Encyclopedia Britannica, George Inness).

Atkins, Robert. Artspeak. New York: Abbeville Press, 1990.

Hough, Katherine. California Grandeur and Genre. Palm Springs: Palm Springs Desert Museum, 1991.

By the 1930s, the tenets of Tonalist painting would be superseded by other far more radically progressive artistic philosophies. American artists would even now appear to Europe as they started to experiment with Art Deco, with Surrealism, with true Abstraction.

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