Comparison of Hand-Held Dynamometers

This get word explored long-term perceptual constancy of HHD measurements of isometric force production of upper- and lower-extremity vigour groups. A HHD was employ to test 12 children with myelomeningocele, before and after a 23-day interval. This believe attempted to eliminate bias with blind examiners; interrater reliability was assessed on each testing day for randomly selected muscle groups (5:458-465).

Results of this study demonstrated that most muscle groups had excellent stability. Upper-extremity muscle groups showed higher(prenominal) long-term stability than lower-extremity groups. The stability of test-retest measurements for most muscle groups was shown. lour reliability of the left pelvic arch extensor measurements was concluded to be due to a lack of support of the leg spot testing hip extensors. Stability measurements in paretic limbs was not shew to be greater than in nonparetic limbs. The study concluded that HHD is a stable tool for measurement. It was suggested however, that support of the lower extremity during hip extensor tests, padding of the dynamometer end pieces, and use of a smaller, digital dynamometer might yield even to a greater extent reliable results (5:458-465).

Wadsworth, Nielsen, Corcoran, Phillips, and Sannes (1992) studied interrater reliability of HHDs. One man and bingle woman were subjects; both had no neuromuscular deficits and a convening grade on manual muscle tests of five muscle groups. The raters were physical therapy students with previ

Andersen (1996) attempted to get reliability of isokinetic dynamometer measurements of articulatio talocruralis abaxial and plantar flexors. Subjects were 38 normal controls and seven patients with peripheral neuropathy; all were tested twice. prior studies have demonstrated reliability of strength testing all over several joints in various patient populations, however, these results can't be extrapolated to ankle torque measurements for patients with neuromuscular diseases. This study demonstrated that the isokinetic dynamometer is a reliable method for muscle strength assessment in weak neuropathic patients; it is a tool that can be utilize to monitor the disease progression and treatment interventions (2:265, 267-268).

14. Wadsworth, C.

T.; Nielsen, D. H.; Corcoran, D. S.; Phillips, C. E.; Sannes, T. L. Interrater reliability of handheld dynamometry: Effects of rater gender, body weight, and grip strength. JOSPT 16(2):74-81; 1992.

2. Andersen, H. Reliability of isokinetic measurements of ankle dorsal and plantar flexors in normal subjects and in patients with peripheral neuropathy. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 77:265-268; 1996.

In a study testing 106 men and one hundred twenty-five women (aged 20 to 79 years), with no known neuromuscular, musculoskeletal, or cardiovascular pathology, HHD was used, twice. Results showed that measurements were reliable. Only for the case of ankle dorsiflexion measurements of the nondominant side, was there a struggle found in the forces of a first and second measurement. totally intraclass correlation coefficients were found to be greater than .94. Conclusions for this study overly noted that HHD reliability is dependent on the strength of the examiner; the clinician must be strong enough to hold against the patients' efforts (4:26, 28, 31).

11. Nicholas, J. A.; Sapega, A.; Kraus, H.; Webb, J. N. Factors influencing manual muscle tests in physical therapy. J. Bone and Joint Surg. 60-A(2):186-190; 1978.

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