Organizational Behavior

memorial tabletal BehaviorIntroductionOrganizational Behavior is the field of take away involving the analysis and masking of information regarding the behavior of people as mortals and bases in an governing . Organizational behavior infers the people- composition connection with regard to the individual the pigeonholinging , the memorial tablet and the complaisant brass as a wholeThe rank of is to formulate improved bonds by means of the realization of human , organic lawal and societal aims Organizational behavior , thus , comprises of an extensive admixture of issues including pathership , switch and police squad steering Fundamentals of Organizational BehaviorAn organization is a complex body with its foundations backsided in a number of argonas including set , day-dream , mission and philosophy of the founders . The organizational shade is based on these foundations and in corporates the social surround , as substantially as the formal and informal organization of the comp apiece talk , group dynamics and even leadership argon a heavily influenced by the call(a)er s kitchen-gardening . Employees feel that the supra menti sensationd compvirtuosonts determine the class of their persist life and pass on in satisf motion , personal and c beer growth and surgical procedureAll these constituents form the basic principle of .Frameworks of Organizational BehaviorBased on McGregor s Theory X and Theory Y we can separate four deterrent examples or frameworks of . Three gravels atomic number 18 based on Theory Y while one is based on Theory X . Each model depends largely on the type of organization being natural spring and the nature of the employees and productsAutocratic : Organizations working under the framework of this model support outstanding authority to the management . Employees essential conform to the management s . Very little work is delegated , decisions atomic number 18 made at the top and the lower levels be expected to carry come out without giving their inputCustodial : In this model , management is greatly think on finances Employees needs are met in toll of warranter and benefits and they depend on the organization for job security and provide submissive cooperation to the managementSupportive : In the supportive environs , employee performance is greatly rewarded and their perusal and life story aspirations are paid great attention to . Employees are , as result , greatly pore on exceeding performance expectationsMutual Dependence : In this model of , teamwork is the main focus . Employee input is considered highly valuable and employees are expected to assume a s resign in the overall performance of the companyOrganizations usually fall into a combination of one or more than of these frameworksSocial Systems , agri grow , and Individualization gentle relationships form the al-Qaeda of any social system . Each organization houses a social system within itself . The behavior of one member of a social system greatly affects the behavior of a nonher(prenominal)s . A social system is rarely unaffectionate the internal and external environment of the organization has a major effect on the organization finish , as mentioned above , derives its character from the foundation principles of a company . Culture provides stability and surety to the employees as an organizational finish rarely mixtures . Most corporate culture rarely supports castrate as this would result in uncertainty and instabilityCulture provides an to the employees perceptions and dictates how to act when events take place . Culture is strengthened by the rituals stories and symbols within the organizationAs culture grows to accommodate a larger expanse , opinion and opinions on other things much(prenominal)(prenominal) as management style and how products should be fabricate or marketed are also dieedCulture in its way creates truth within the organization as it defines the perceptions of the employees it interprets the events and experiences of the employeesCulture has an immense effect on the workings of an organization . The corporate culture as a whole gives value to various business components states and guides policy and effective framework and essentially provides the backdrop against which all business events are elucidatedCulture is further broken down according to the various groups represent in the organization . Groups may book formed on the basis of profession age , gender , race or religion . An employee may belong to more than one group at any given eonGroup culture may aim several highly differentiating characteristics but it is unagitated heavily influenced by the corporate culture as a whole legion(predicate) of the value of the group culture are simply more defined values with their basis found in the corporate cultureGroup culture is not necessarily harmful as it provides orbit to values and knowledge . As long as a culture does not clash with the corporate culture or any sub-culture within the organization , a group culture would exist quite harmoniously within the organizationHowever , when the individual employee experiments with the boundaries of culture and influences the social system , the individual is displaying individualizationThe influence of the social system , that is socialization , and individualization are counter forces that must be balanced in to result in a fur-bearing and content employeesAn imbalance may result in feelings of closing off , rebellion or over-conformance . The organization must ensure that the employee is spirit out for the welfare of the company as a group while also ensuring that personal growth and development is not stagnatingOrganization DevelopmentOrganization development applies behavioral discipline to various facets of such as the group , inter-group and the organization as a whole . This is utilize in to increase productivity and the vigorousbeing of the employeesOrganization development accomplishes this goal by changing the behavior of the employees by changing values , strategies , expressions and attitudesOrganization development has seven characteristics or foundation principles Humanistic value , Systems Orientation , Experiential Learning , Problem Solving , misfortune Orientation , convert Agent and Levels of InterventionsChangeChange is a much feared and blotto word in the corporate world . It can each lead to great success or great chastening . Many change initiatives tend to fizzle out repayable(p) to lack of interest and too much resistanceKnoster , Villa Thousand (2000 ) presented the quest framework for change : vision leads to skills which leads to incentives that lead to resources that form an follow out plan and the combination of all these factors leads to change . This is a rate by step procedure to change . Any absentminded link can result in failure of carry roughly successful change Change can simply be brought about by the set action planThe action plan can plainly be carried out if the right resources are available . Resources , in terms of employees will only go badicipate if they are given the right incentives that result from the company s mix of skills . The skills are based upon and develop according to the vision of the companyThe Learning OrganizationSenge introduced his possible action of the key outing organization in to overtake limitations in Lewin s theory . We will discuss this later on in theThe main elements of Senge s theory includeSystems Thinking : While each segment or function is busy thinking about how to solve its own enigmas , it fails to recognize that the department is not isolated from the rest of the organization . The impact of a single department s plans , decisions and actions may get down reverberating do through the organizationMental Models : An individual s or a group s actions result from the model they have formed inside their heads . This model may be unfaithful flawed or obsolete but still serves as the basis for all the individual s or group s actions , plans and decisionsPersonal success : This element simply states that as an organization is the result of the feature efforts of several individuals , the organization can not hope to do better if the individuals forming the organization are not given the luck to improve and growShared Vision : In for the organization to succeed , it is pivotal that all the members of the organization agree on the goals , aims and objectives of the company as well as the values and missions . All the members of the organization must be making efforts in the same directionTeam Learning and Communication : A learning organization must ensure that all the members of the organization learn as a team and learn to share what they have learnt with the rest of the team as well as the organizationIssue : Culture and the WorkplaceOrganizational behavior as a theory provides acuity into the significance of design matters and the issues affecting organization structure . As changing the entire organization from top to get through is largely unlikely , most changes in an organization take the form of organizational developmentOrganizational development can introduce change or assistance manage change in the organization by tackling issues such as leadership development , team building , sensitivity training (diversity issues , specialty training public life development , and conflict managementThe majority of the draw neares to change management are based on the work of Lewin . Lewin viewed the organization as a system of interconnected components and opposing forces . When the system is changed the forces will any resist or welcome change .

Lewin present the triplet step come on to introducing change in the organization unfreezing the organization by making it perceptive to change , making the change , and then refreezing the new balanceCurrently Senge s approach to organizational development through the incorporation of the learning organization is a popular styleAccording to Senge s approach , the organization is a set of interconnected social systems that have committed to learning as a process kinda than a design and believe that this stance will lead to improvements in various performance areas of the organizationLewin had allowed us to approach change as a step by step approach . The only problem with this theory is in its application organizations are always changing in some way or the other . With so many factors at work it may be quite probable that the desired change does not take placeSenge s theory comes into play at this point . A learning organization is one that fosters growth based on learning and problem solving Individuals and groups act on the basis of what they know under most circumstances , employees of an organization do not have a good grasp of the problem requiring the changeThe role of the manager , in terms of given or leading the organization , depends heavily on the culture that is visualised Depending on the culture created and the aims of the organization , the manager can either be a person who knows where the organization is supposed to be headed and directs everyone else towards this destination or the person who designs the new organization , and is some(prenominal) a teacher as well as a student . This depends on whether the culture created is hierarchal or tilted more towards an organization . It is essential that the culture never be out of place with regard to the products or purpose of the organization . For example , placing a rigid hierarchal culture on a creative endeavor , such as a dotcom , would result in regretful consequencesIt is through culture that principles such as teamwork or individual achievement are established as parameters for success . In to create an organization that prides itself on the cooperative work of all its employees , it is necessary to create a culture that fosters and encourages teamwork . Decentralization is key everyone must be thought of as equals and only contribution to the cause is the differentiating factor . Whereas a company that profits most when employees give their best on an individual basis would be better off instilling a culture that gives benefits to depending on lone performanceChange is considered as an important feature of at present s business change is not a one time endeavor it is a constant and continues cycle aimed at consistently improving the organization . No company is free from the effects of change . Culture would heavily play a part in assisting with change management . In such a case , the culture is unique to the organization but is still open to refresh and revitalize itself as and when the need or opportunity comes upWorkplace culture has an important effect on aspects such as mutual cooperation and skill development . A study by Perlow and Weeks (2002 compared the helping behavior of two sets of engineers doing the same work one set situated in India with a state-controlled culture and the other in the United States with an individualistic culture . It was found that the American engineers helped only those from whom they could expect reciprocal help in the future , whereas their Indian counterparts were willing to assist whenever and by whomever help was requestedThis difference in cooperation was as a result of how help was framed in the corporate culture . In the Indian put , help was considered as an opportunity to develop skill by applying their skills to different situations , whereas in the American site , help was considered a disruption of regular workThe different cultures had arisen due to a myriad of reasons and influences including culture of the country as well as organizational culture . In both cases , thus far , the engineers behaved in a manner that would be conducive to their career goalsCulture has a great effect on how employees view events that are taking place in the organization . As mentioned above , culture is based on the foundations of the company the belief , the values and the norms . The culture of an organization has a major effect on the employees perception of the potential of the organizationBibliographyAsh , M .G (1992 . Cultural Contexts and Scientific Change in Psychology Kurt Lewin in Iowa . American Psychologist , Vol . 47 , No . 2 , pp . 198-207Knoster , T , Villa , R Thousand , J (2000 . A framework for thinking about systems change . In R . Villa J . Thousand (Eds , Restructuring for caring and effective education : Piecing the father together (pp 93-128 . Baltimore : Paul H . Brookes Publishing CoMcGregor , D . The Human Side of Enterprise . McGraw-Hill /Irwin . ISBN-10 :Perlow , L . and Weeks , J (2002 . Who s Helping Whom ? Layers of Culture and Wrokplace Behavior . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 23 , 345-361Revans , R . W (1982 . The Origin and Growth of Action Learning . hunt England : Chatwell-Bratt , BickleyRobbins , S .(2004 . Organizational Behavior - Concepts Controversies , Applications . 4th Ed . prentice Hall (2004 ) ISBN brWeick , K . E (1979 . The Social Psychology of Organizing second Ed . McGraw Hill (1979 ) ISBN ...If you want to get a mount essay, order it on our website: Orderessay

If you want to get a full essay, wisit our page: write my essay .