At one time, just about vendors agreed to support OSI in one form or another, but OSI was besides loosely defined and proprietary standards were too entrenched. Except for the OSI-compliant X.400 and X.500 e-mail and directory standards, which argon widely used, what was once cerebration to become the universal communications standard now serves as the teaching model for all other protocols.
Control is passed from one layer to the next, starting at the application layer in one station, proceeding to the bottom layer, over the channel to the next station and back up the hierarchy.
(This graphic is taken from The Abdus Salam supranational Centre for Theoretical Physics).
Understanding how the OSI Model works is not only useful for taking certification exams, but as well for real life scenarios. Read How to use the OSI Model to Troubleshoot Networks for more(prenominal) info.
point 1 - Physical
Physical layer defines the cable or physical medium itself, e.g.
, thinnet, thicknet, unshielded twisted pairs (UTP). All media are functionally equivalent. The main difference is in convenience and apostrophize of installation and maintenance. Converters from one media to another operate at this level.
Layer 2 - Data Link
Data Link layer defines the stage of data on the network. A network data frame, aka packet, includes checksum, generator and destination address, and data. The largest packet that can be sent through and through a data link layer defines the Maximum transmission Unit (MTU). The data link layer handles the physical and transparent connections to the packets destination, using a network interface. A host committed to an Ethernet would have an Ethernet...If you want to get a full essay, drift it on our website: Orderessay
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