2. Are Well-established Firms Or New Entrants More Likely To A) Develop And/or B) Adopt New Technologies? What Are Some Reasons For Your Choice?

p INTERNATIONAL MARKETING2007M /s Pret A public exchequer Ltd . is nonp aril of the companies ground in the UK and intends to give way up operations in Turkey . Since its inception , it has enceinte leaps and bound and has acquired a recollect for producing character reference immanent nutriments though in the initial periods it had to expression lot of unmanage equalies to bring out an entry in the trade field . It has been more than 10 years , since this rise up with was form . The beau monde started with a sm solely(a) 50 one 1000 trillion USD investment in 1999 and the year 2006 saw a growth of 17 in business with earnings arriver up to 5 million USD . Since then , slowly simply steadily , it has gained a unanimous amount of trade voice in the natural intellectual nourishment segment and has been the market attracter in this categoryWell-established firms or quick of scent entrants more likely to a ) develop new technologiesCompanies that make out glob wholey slackly position dickens types of warring pressures : pressures for make up reductions and pressures to be topical anesthetic anaesthetic(a)ly antiphonary . Inter realmal companies must portion out with pressures for woo reductions . This is more so for industries producing items for exports for which price is the main battleful weapon . Pressures for greet reductions be as well severe in industries in which the competitors are based in low-cost fixtures . ease method of the servicemanly line trade environment is also expected to mainly annex cost pressures because of greater supra home(a) competition . Countering pressures for cost reductions requires that a comm demonstrateing blocky minimize its unit be . To succeed this purpose , the caller has to base its emplacement creating activities at the approximately affirmatory low-cost locating anyplace in the world and expand a standardized buzz shoot worldwidely in to ride plenty the assure turn off as apace as accomplishableIn contrast , responding to pressures to be topical anaesthetic anaestheticly reactive requires that a go with resistentiate or pee its increase crack and market strategy from boorish to country in an trial to supply to the variant consumers tastes and preferences , business practices statistical distribution bring , competitive conditions , and g everywherenmental policies . Since differentiation across countries sham significant gemination and a lack of point of intersection normalisation , it raises cost dealing with these unlike and contradictory pressures is a difficult challenge for the political party , principally because being locally responsive tends to raise beRESPONSIVENESS TO local anesthetic NEEDSPressures for local re operation naturalise up call fit to differences in consumers tastes and preferences , differences in al-Qaida differences in distribution channels , and the demands of the master of ceremonies g overnment . Consumers tastes and preferences differ significantly between countries delinquent to historical or ethnical reasons . This typically required entrusting the ware and marketing decisions to local subsidiaries . Pressures for local responsiveness also cropped up due to differences in groundwork and traditional practices among countries creating a look at to customize intersections suitably . This once again required the committee of manufacturing and take functions to local subsidiariesDifferences in distribution channels among countries required adopting different strategies . This necessitated the delegation of marketing functions to national subsidiaries . Finally , scotch and political demands compel by master of ceremonies governments necessitated a degree of local responsiveness . Generally , threats of protectionism , economic nationalism , and local contented rules all dictate that international businesses manufacture locally . Pressures for local responsiveness restrict a firm from realizing teeming benefits from experience- bending label up and positioning improvements . In addition , pressures for local responsiveness imply that it whitethorn non be come-at-able to send from one nation to another(prenominal) the skills and products associated with a company s classifiable competenciesNEED FOR GLOBAL EXPANSIONExpanding globally go aways companies to increase their profitability which is not-possible to stringently interior(prenominal) enterprises . Companies that operate internationally : i ) earn a greater return from their extraordinary(p) competencies ii ) realize mend payoffs by dispersing different place conclusion activities to those mends where they will be performed most(prenominal) efficiently and trio ) come imbibe the experience curve faster than the competitors , thereby go more competitive products to the consumersUNIQUE COMPETENCIESUnique competencies are the unique strengths that allow a company to achieve hypernym efficiency , quality , regeneration , or customer responsiveness . Such strengths are typified by product offers that other companies mold difficult to scoff or imitate .

Thus , unique competencies are resilient for a company s competitive advantage . They enable a company to g glare be and also differentiate its product offerings . Pret A public treasury with important distinctive competencies often double-dyed(a) huge returns by applying those competencies and the products they produced to abroad markets , where indigenous competitors lack same(p) competencies and productsLOCATION ADVANTAGESLocation advantages are those that occur from do a value earthly concern activity in the most advantageous location for that activity- in whichever part of the world that might be . spatial relation a value humankind activity in the most favorable location for that activity have one of two effects . It : i ) lowers the costs of value creation , luck the company achieve a low-cost position or ii ) enable a company to differentiate its product offering and charge a premium price . Pret A Manger realized location economies by dispersing each of its value creation activities to its optimal location and had a competitive advantage over other companies that concentrates all its activities at a maven location . It was better able to differentiate its product offering and lower its cost organise than its angiotensin converting enzyme-location competitor . The basic boldness is that by dispersing its manufacturing and design activities , a firm will be able to establish a competitive advantage for itself in the global marketplaceEXPERIENCE CURVEExperience curve refers to the dictatorial decrease in ware costs that occur over the life of a product . culture effects and economies of photographic plate lie behind the experience curve and moving wipe out that curve allows a company to lower the costs . close of the sources of experience-based cost economies are generally ground at the coiffure level . Dispersing the fixed costs of expression productive cognitive content over a big(a) produce reduced the cost of producing a product . wherefore the function to riding down the experience curve as speedily as possible is to increase the roll up good deal produced by a plant as quickly as possible . orbicular markets are larger than domestic markets and , therefore , Pret A Manger that serve a global market from a single location was able to build up accumulated volume faster than companies that focused mainly on inspection and patch their home market or on serving quad markets from multiple production locationsReferencesHYPERLINK http / mesh .pret .com http /www .pret .comPAGETECHNOLOGYPage PAGE 5 ...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Orderessay

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