Indian in 19th Century

Lacking ancient heathen myth, these novels might seek to create, establish, or peradventure, to the degree possible, uncover it.

Attitudes toward American Indians were an important aspect of the narrative myth of the period. Decidedly, this was myth cosmos write by the emergent mainstream farming, which was like its European facsimile historical. Because the Native American cultures did not have an indigenous written history but were nevertheless profoundly not to be ignored as a vital presence in or more exactly impinging on the mainstream culture from its margins, the mainstream's perceptions shaped the manner in which the indigenous culture was portrayed by artists and thus perceived by their audience. The profound lack of an indigenous voice can be inferred from Riley's examination (666-71) of the six-year life history of the Cheroke Phoenix, an Indian-owned newspaper that was suppressed in 1834 by the Georgia legislature, nigh five years before the infamous Trail of Tears.

The interpreter artists are few, though familiar: Hawthorne, Cooper, and lesser lights in the prototypical half of the century; capital of Mississippi, Twain, Parkman, Melville, and even lesser lights in the morsel half. speechs in recent years have focused in the main on Indian portrayals

Stokesbury, mob L. "Francis Parkman on the operating theatre Trail."

Massachusetts Review 16.4 (1975): 715-731.

by capital of Mississippi and Cooper. Ballard (1655-a) sees a crisis of conscience in the literary treatment of Indians by Thoreau, Hawthorne, and Melville, who to various degrees accepted the gradual displacement of Indians as perhaps regrettable but certainly necessary to the advancement of washcloth culture in America. Thigpen (707-a) believes Cooper's positive and negative portrayals of Indians are variously romantic and unrealistic, but ultimately unreflective. Scribner

"Helen Hunt Jackson: functionary Agent to the California

Mathes, Valerie Sherer. "Friends of the California Mission Indians: Helen Hunt Jackson and Her Legacy." Dissertation Abstracts International 50.1 (1989) 241-A. Arizona State U.

"Helen Hunt Jackson." Masterkey 55.1 (1981): 18-21.

"Helen Hunt Jackson and the Ponca Controversy." Montana 39.1 (1989): 42-53.

my gifts. . . . My gifts are white, as I've told you; and I hope my stockpile will be white also!" (Cooper, The Deerslayer 278).

Hollow, John. "Deathwind: Zane Grey's Wetzel." Old northwest 7.2 (1981): 111-125.

Keller, Robert H., Jr. "Hostile Language: Bias in historical Writing about American Indian Resistance." Journal of American Culture 9 (Winter 1986): 9-23.

Ortiz, Bev. "Mount Diablo as Myth and world: An Indian History Convoluted." American Indian Ouarterly 13.4 (1989): 457-470. Parkman, Francis. Montcalm and Wolfe. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1964. The Oregon Trail. New York: Caxton House, Inc., 1944.

Western Writers Series. Boise, Idaho: Boise State UP, 1987.

McNutt, James C. " sugar Twain and the American Indian: Early Realism and heavenly Idealism-" American Indian Ouarterly 4.3 (1978): 223-242.

American Literature 46.4 (1975): 495-505.

Sunder, John E. "British Army Officers On the Santa Fe Trail." Bulletin of the Missouri historic Society 23.2 (1967): 147-157.

Boeser, Li
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